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Introduction
Respected Comrade Kim Jong-Un stated as follows:
The Fourth Plenary Meeting of the Eighth Party Central Committee conducted an in-depth analysis and estimation of the urgent nature and epoch-making significance of solving the rural question if the comprehensive development of socialist construction was to be achieved. It then laid out the grand objectives and struggle tasks for fundamentally transforming our countryside in line with the demands of the Workers’ Party era. (Kim Jong-Un, Let the Union of Agricultural Workers of Korea Become the Vanguard in the Struggle for Achieving our Style of Socialist Rural Development, 2022)
The Fourth Plenary Meeting of the Eighth Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea presented the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme to further accelerate the comprehensive development of socialist construction. With the presentation of this programme, the fundamental issues for the ultimate resolution of the rural question have been scientifically elucidated, and the path to hasten the complete victory of socialism has been clearly delineated. Our socialism now stands in the transitional period leading to the complete victory of socialism. [By this it is meant that Korea is a dictatorship of the proletariat in the transition to socialism, since in fact, Korea has not yet reached socialism and is in the period of proletarian state-monopoly capitalism. – Ed.] The most fundamental task in this transitional period is the final resolution of the rural question. Only by finally resolving the rural question can we further strengthen the revolutionary forces of the Juche-based nation, solidify the material and economic foundation for socialist construction, consolidate and develop the socialist system, and achieve the complete victory of socialism. The final resolution of the rural question constitutes the successful passage of the transitional period and can be regarded as the complete victory of socialism. Particularly in the case of our country, it is precisely the rural question that necessitates a relatively prolonged transitional period; consequently, how swiftly this transitional period is traversed depends entirely upon how the rural question is resolved.
The ultimate resolution of the rural question, which occupies a position determining the advance or retreat of our revolution and socialist construction at its present stage and in the future, is raised as a crucial issue in proving the legitimacy of the socialist cause and the inevitability of its victory, and in hastening the complete victory of socialism. Consequently, our Party long ago identified the resolution of the rural question as a vital strategic task following the victory of the socialist revolution. It systematised the direction, fundamental principles, and methods for its realisation, formulating the ‘Theses on Socialist Rural Question in our Country,’ and has persistently waged the struggle for their implementation.
At a time when socialist construction has entered a stage of comprehensive development, our Party has once again, in line with the new historical environment, synthesised the most effective methods for resolving the rural question and presented the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme, thereby clearly illuminating the path to achieving complete socialist victory at the earliest possible date. Following the presentation of the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme, the struggle to place the nation’s agriculture on a firm upward trajectory and achieve the leap-like development of socialist villages has been vigorously advanced as a nationwide undertaking. The New-Era Rural Revolution Programme, which clearly charts the course for the complete victory of socialism has opened up bright prospects for resolving rural issues, with meaningful achievements being attained in quick succession within a short period. Reality eloquently demonstrates that the path to ultimately resolving rural issues and achieving complete socialist victory at the earliest possible date lies precisely in advancing along the course indicated by the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme.
Main Argument
The complete victory of socialism and the rural question
Following the establishment of the socialist system, the overarching goal confronting the working-class party and state is to achieve the complete victory of socialism. The complete victory of socialism signifies the total triumph of socialism over capitalism and heralds the advent of a fully realised socialist society. Socialism, having revealed its form through the establishment of the socialist system, continuously develops and transforms its features. When the form of socialism is perfected in this process, it is said that socialism has achieved complete victory. Socialism is born and develops to perfection amidst fierce confrontation with capitalism and severe class struggle.
The confrontation between capitalism and socialism enters its full-fledged stage once the masses seize state power. From the moment society transitioned into a class-based structure until the people seized state sovereignty and the means of production into their own hands, the masses endured centuries of brutal exploitation and oppression by the exploiting classes. Though they fought against the intensifying exploitation and oppression, lacking correct guiding ideology and vanguard organisations, they inevitably faced repeated failure and setbacks. However, the people’s struggle expanded day by day, plunging the exploitative system into grave crisis. Each time, the exploiting class evaded the crisis by altering their methods of rule and exploitation. Though the institutional apparatus was replaced by the people’s struggle, the exploiting class continued to act as masters, and the masses were forced to endure poverty and suffering under ever-intensifying exploitation and oppression. Meanwhile, amidst difficult circumstances, the masses actively propelled social development through their wisdom, ingenuity, and efforts, advancing science and technology and creating material and cultural wealth.
Yet all these achievements invariably fell into the hands of the exploiting classes, who harnessed them to strengthen their ruling systems and intensify the exploitation of the masses. The people’s demand for self-determination and their creative capacity grew ceaselessly. Ultimately, they acquired their own scientific guiding ideology and the working-class party. Under its leadership, they waged organised struggle, seized state power, and thereby carried out the socialist revolution. Through the socialist revolution, the exploiting classes were overthrown, and state sovereignty and the means of production were placed in the hands of the people. The exploitation of man by man came to an end, and the masses of the people became the masters of the state and society, the masters of the economy, thereby forging their own destiny with their own hands.
The advent of a new era, in which the masses of people — long subjected to exploitation and oppression, enduring nothing but contempt and scorn — have become masters of all things and are forging their own destiny with their own hands, cannot but be a fundamental turning point in the development of social history. On the one hand, the establishment of the socialist system achieved a decisive victory over capitalism, yet this victory remains incomplete. This is linked to the continued agitation of the remnants of the overthrown exploiting classes after the establishment of the socialist system, and the persistence of old ideological vestiges in people’s minds. If these are left unchecked, their corrosive effect could lead to the collapse of socialism and the revival of capitalism.
Moreover, even after the socialist system is established, class differences between the working-class and peasants persist, and agriculture lags significantly behind industry, while the countryside lags behind the city. All this is connected to the fact that socialist society emerged from an exploitative class society. As society transitioned into a class-based society, class antagonism and differences emerged, and the exploitation of man by man began. Over long periods, amid conflicts and friction arising from opposing and conflicting interests among members of society, unequal relations took deep root, and the gap between industry and agriculture, between town and country, continued to widen.
Although the establishment of the socialist system eradicated class antagonism, the deep-rooted vestiges of the old society did not vanish easily, and a certain historical period was required to completely eliminate them. The fact that relics of the old society, including capitalist elements, remain in no small measure within socialist society indicates that socialism is still immature and incomplete in many respects, and ultimately that socialism has not yet achieved complete victory. The fact that the masses seized state power, carried out the socialist revolution, and established the socialist system does not mean that socialism has been fully built; it is merely the beginning. Even after the establishment of the socialist system, historical tasks remain: eliminating the class distinctions between the working-class and the peasantry, raising agriculture to the advanced level of industry, and overcoming the backwardness of the countryside. Hence, after establishing the socialist system, the construction of socialism proceeds to complete it.
From a class standpoint, the process of socialist construction is one in which the working-class becomes the dominant class throughout society. From the standpoint of socio-economic relations, it is a process in which the industrialisation of agriculture, the urbanisation of the countryside, and the unification of forms of ownership are realised. Advancing socialist construction to accomplish all these tasks will achieve the complete victory of socialism. The problem of realising the proletarianisation of the whole society, the industrialisation of agriculture, the urbanisation of the countryside, and the unification of forms of ownership is none other than the rural question.
The ultimate resolution of the rural question becomes the most fundamental task arising in achieving the complete victory of socialism after establishing the socialist system during the transitional period. The rural question is the peasant question, the agricultural question, and a strategic issue that must be resolved throughout the entire process of building socialism and Communism. Within the rural question, the peasant question is the problem of building a classless society by proletarianising the peasants, thereby realising the proletarianisation of the whole of society. This is the new-era rural revolutionary programme that clearly illuminates the path to complete socialist victory.
The crucial task in transforming peasants into the working-class is, above all, to arm them with collectivist ideology and modern scientific knowledge, guaranteeing them civilised living conditions so they may acquire the ideological and spiritual character of the working-class. Over long years, peasants have farmed individually, clinging to fixed, rigid methods, and lived in backward conditions. Consequently, individualistic ideas dominate their minds, and their cultural and knowledge levels lag far behind those of the working-class. Until cooperative ownership was organised in the countryside through the socialist revolution, peasants possessed virtually no collective perspective. They viewed and approached everything from the standpoint of personal interest, regarding their backward way of life as natural and unavoidable. The backward ideological outlook and lifestyle of peasants are entirely incompatible with socialist society and must be transformed into advanced, socialist ways of thinking and living.
Only by arming themselves with collectivist ideology and modern scientific knowledge, and living in a cultured environment, can peasants become the responsible builders and proud masters of socialist rural construction, embodying the ideological and spiritual character of the working-class. Crucially, in transforming peasants into members of the working-class, the dominant form of ownership in the countryside — cooperative ownership — must be converted into ownership by the entire people, thereby achieving the unification of ownership forms. Achieving the unification of ownership forms is one of the key issues arising in the process of transforming peasants into the working-class.
Although the working-class and peasantry are both labourers striving together for socialist development, their differing ownership relations prevent the complete unification of their interests. Only under common ownership can labourers striving towards shared goals and ideals maximally develop a spirit of comradely cooperation and mutual assistance, thereby fully manifesting the power of socialism. However, even after the establishment of the socialist system, the continued existence of cooperative ownership as the dominant form in rural areas for a certain historical period hinders the guarantee of complete unity of interests between the working-class and peasants.
The cooperative ownership existing in the countryside is linked to the fact that the ideological consciousness level of peasants and the level of development of agricultural productive forces lag behind those of the urban working-class and industry. Therefore, by raising the ideological consciousness level of peasants and developing agricultural productive forces to realise the industrialisation of agriculture, cooperative ownership can be transformed into ownership by the entire people, achieving the unification of the form of ownership.
Once the form of ownership is unified, the class distinctions between the working-class and peasants will disappear. The proletarianisation of the entire society will be realised, leading to the construction of a classless society. In the rural question, the agricultural question is the problem of developing agricultural productive forces to realise the industrialisation of agriculture. Realising the industrialisation of agriculture literally means transforming agriculture into an industry. While agriculture differs from industry in that it uses living organisms as its objects of labour, more significantly, its production is considerably influenced by natural climatic factors. Industrial production, conducted within limited areas and spaces, can artificially ensure almost all necessary conditions, ultimately making production very little affected by natural climatic factors.
However, artificially guaranteeing all necessary conditions for agricultural production across vast areas is virtually impossible until productive forces reach a highly developed stage, making the influence of natural climatic factors unavoidable. In agriculture, production proceeds under the influence of natural climatic factors, making it impossible to accurately foresee the relationship between the labour expended on production and its outcome. In other words, in agriculture, the results of labour expended on production appear significantly greater when soil fertility or weather conditions are favourable, and correspondingly less when they are not. In agriculture, where production proceeds under the influence of natural climatic factors, it is not only difficult to standardise working hours, but also impossible to distribute products as in industry; herein lies one of the important differences between the working-class and the peasantry.
By developing agricultural productivity to mechanise all farming tasks, achieving high levels of irrigation and chemical application, and actively adopting scientific farming methods, the influence of natural climatic factors on production can be significantly mitigated. At that point, the distribution of products can be carried out regularly each month in the form of living expenses, as in industry, rather than distribution based on labour days. In essence, this signifies that the level of agricultural productivity has reached a stage nearly equivalent to that of industry. It indicates that there is no difference between the working-class and the peasantry, save for the fact that workers labour in factories within the industrial sector and on the fields within the agricultural sector.
Thus, the peasant question and the agricultural question are not separate, independent issues. They constitute different aspects of the rural question, resolved as a unified process within an organic connection. The rural question will ultimately be resolved when, from the class perspective, the proletarianisation of the entire society is realised; and from the perspective of socio-economic relations, the industrialisation of agriculture, the urbanisation of the countryside, and the unification of ownership forms are achieved. In the overall process of advancing socialist construction, the historical task of industrialising agriculture, urbanising the countryside, unifying forms of ownership, and transforming the entire society into a working-class society will be accomplished. This will ultimately resolve the rural question and achieve the complete victory of socialism.
The fundamental issues in resolving the rural question as outlined in the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme
The New-Era Rural Revolution Programme put forward by our Party comprehensively clarifies the fundamental issues arising in the final resolution of the rural question, including the goals of socialist rural construction and the immediate central tasks for their implementation. Above all, the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme clearly sets forth the goal of socialist rural construction for the ultimate resolution of rural problems. The goal of socialist rural construction elucidated by the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme is to imbue the entire nation’s countryside with the Juche idea and make it materially prosperous. In other words, it is to transform all agricultural workers into Communist human beings firmly armed with the Juche idea and to achieve fundamental transformation and revolution in agricultural production and rural construction in accordance with the requirements of the Juche idea.
The objectives of socialist rural construction clarify the specific tasks to be undertaken in all aspects of socialist rural development and the challenges to be resolved in the process, aiming for the ultimate resolution of rural issues. Enhancing the ideological consciousness of agricultural workers, achieving a leap in agricultural productivity, and fundamentally transforming the rural living environment are tasks that must be resolved without exception in the development of socialist rural areas. The socialist rural construction objectives embody fundamental principles: that in achieving rural development, one must neither imitate nor follow others, but solely pursue the Korean-style rural development guided by the Juche idea; and that one must reject deviations such as prioritising solely productive forces in the countryside while neglecting living conditions, instead comprehensively developing the countryside in all spheres of ideology, technology, and culture.
Upon achieving the socialist rural construction goal, the proletarianisation of the entire society, the industrialisation of agriculture, the urbanisation of the countryside, and the unification of ownership forms will be realised at the highest level, thereby finally resolving the rural question. The New-Era Rural Revolution Programme further clarifies the central tasks immediately facing us to achieve the socialist rural construction goal. The immediate central task for achieving the goal of socialist rural construction is to vigorously wage the struggle to transform all agricultural workers into revolutionary agricultural workers befitting the era of the working-class, completely resolve the nation’s food problem, and dramatically transform the living environment of rural residents, thereby firmly placing the countryside on a path of sustained development. Making agricultural workers the bearers and masters of the rural revolution is the foremost task in socialist rural construction and the key factor for its successful execution. As in all fields of revolution and construction, elevating the active role of the Juche subject in socialist rural construction to ultimately resolve rural issues becomes the most important and primary problem.
Only by prioritising the ideological transformation and heightened political consciousness of agricultural workers, thereby firmly preparing them all as rural revolutionaries who faithfully uphold the Party’s vision for socialist rural construction, can we successfully resolve not only the issue of developing agricultural productive forces but also fundamentally transform the appearance and environment of the countryside. The fundamental approach to firmly preparing agricultural workers as rural revolutionaries is to vigorously advance the three great revolutions of ideology, technology, and culture in the countryside. The advancement of the times and the deepening of socialist construction do not automatically elevate the ideological awareness, cultural level, or technical proficiency of agricultural workers. In reality, amongst agricultural workers, there are patriotic farmers who uphold Party policies and spare no sincere effort, while others fall short. Only by vigorously advancing the three revolutions in the countryside can agricultural workers be fundamentally enlightened politically and ideologically, as well as in terms of technical knowledge and cultural life, transforming them into the bearers and masters of the rural revolution, and the creators and beneficiaries of modern civilisation.
The rural Ideological Revolution is a vital undertaking to uproot the remnants of outdated ideas lingering in the minds of agricultural workers and prepare them as revolutionary, Juche-oriented Communist human beings. It is vital to strengthen efforts to promptly inform agricultural workers of the Party’s policies presented at each stage and ensure they grasp them thoroughly. Concurrently, it is crucial to instil within them a profound appreciation for the greatness and gratitude owed to our Party, our state, and our system, educating them to defend the Party and the revolution through increased agricultural production. They must actively strive to emulate the fighting spirit and conduct of the heroic farmers and patriotic peasants who emerged during the revolutionary eras, and to strive actively to fulfil their honourable mission and duty. Under the slogan “One for all, all for one!”, they must be encouraged to help and lead one another, to devote themselves to society and the collective, and to highly promote the Communist ethos of self-sacrifice. This ensures that collectivism dominates their ideological consciousness and daily life, constituting one of the fundamental aspects of the rural Ideological Revolution.
The rural Technical Revolution is a vital undertaking to prepare agricultural workers as knowledge-based labourers. What the nation’s agricultural development truly requires today is a large contingent of practical farmers who enthusiastically master advanced agricultural science and technology and apply it to farming. Only by vigorously advancing the Technological Revolution in the countryside can agricultural workers be transformed into masters of the socialist countryside, possessing not only political and ideological awareness and cultural literacy but also advanced scientific and technological skills, thereby achieving the rural advancement our Party desires. The core of the rural Technological Revolution lies in effectively advancing work to broaden the horizons and elevate the technical skill levels of agricultural workers, in line with the demand for the scientific and technological literacy of the entire population. This aims to cultivate all farm members, including the younger generation, into masters of science and technology and workers suited to the knowledge economy era. We must firmly equip rural primary-level officials with advanced scientific farming methods, raising their level to that of university graduates. We must effectively utilise realistic and effective education systems and methods, deploy many university graduates to the countryside, and enable them to play the role of pioneers and standard-bearers leading the rural Technical Revolution, thereby increasing the technical capabilities of farms. Work must be carried out with perseverance to thoroughly overcome tendencies among agricultural workers to neglect science and technology, viewing farming as merely repetitive annual tasks, and phenomena where they cling to outdated experience rather than trusting in the power of technology. Only then can substantial progress be achieved in carrying out the rural Technical Revolution.
The rural Cultural Revolution is a vital undertaking to elevate the cultural awareness of agricultural workers and establish a revolutionary, wholesome, and civilised lifestyle in the countryside. By vigorously advancing the rural Cultural Revolution, we must eliminate the deep-rooted old customs still present among agricultural workers and enable them to work and live in a civilised manner. This will allow us to drive forward the entire socialist construction of the countryside with greater vigour. In the rural Cultural Revolution, agricultural workers must diligently manage both inside and outside their homes, plant many trees including fruit trees, properly maintain fields and roads, cherish their native villages and hometowns, develop them independently, and make significant improvements by focusing on personal hygiene including bathing and haircuts, clothing, and hairstyling, and improve their dietary culture. Vigorously promoting mass cultural and artistic activities alongside popular sports activities ensures farm workers always live revolutionarily and optimistically, establishing a noble and wholesome moral ethos. This is a matter requiring emphasis in carrying out the rural Cultural Revolution. Strengthening state guidance and support for rural schools, steadily raising educational standards to urban levels, accelerating the hospitalisation of rural clinics, equipping them with necessary medical facilities, establishing a long-distance medical service system, enhancing the medical skills of healthcare workers, and improving the standard of medical services are crucial tasks in carrying out the rural Cultural Revolution.
It is vital to accelerate water supply projects in rural areas and promote the use of methane gas, enabling farm workers to live in convenient and clean environments. Furthermore, the culture of the capital and the working-class must be continuously disseminated and expanded to the provinces and countryside, ensuring they are constantly exposed to advanced civilisation. The fundamental approach to firmly preparing all agricultural workers as reliable bearers of the rural revolution and comprehensively developed Communist human beings lies in vigorously advancing the Three Major Revolutions in the countryside, steadfastly upholding the principle of placing Ideological Revolution foremost.
Increasing agricultural production to completely resolve the nation’s food problem is one of the central tasks immediately confronting socialist rural construction. Today, completely resolving the nation’s acute food problem is a grave political issue determining the state’s survival, social stability, and the revolution’s advance. It stands as the most urgent task the people await. Only by decisively increasing agricultural production and swiftly resolving the acute food shortage can we provide the people with a stable and prosperous life, powerfully propel the rapid development of the entire national economy, and transform our countryside into an ideal village, rich and thriving.
The decisive means to increase agricultural production lie in firmly directing all farming tasks towards scientific agriculture, resolving seed, water, and fertiliser issues to raise productivity per unit area, expanding the area of irrigated land, and enhancing the level of mechanisation in agricultural labour. Today’s era is one of science and technology, and the future of agriculture will be determined by how high a level of scientific and technological advancement it attains. The era of farming by clinging solely to outdated experience and gazing at the sky is now irrevocably past. Our Party’s strategic development perspective is to transform the nation’s agriculture into an advanced system by making science and technology the primary driving force for agricultural development, thereby achieving stable and sustained growth in agricultural production. Alongside vigorously advancing the seed revolution, establishing scientific farming systems and methods capable of coping with disaster-prone abnormal weather, increasing yield per unit area, and particularly improving farming in low-yield areas are crucial links in increasing food production.
In the agricultural science research sector, research efforts must be intensified to resolve the scientific and technological issues arising in the realisation of the scientific, information-based, and intensive nature of agricultural production. Furthermore, the movement of emulation, learning from each other, and exchange of experience must be actively developed within the agricultural sector. This will ensure that advanced farming techniques and methods are rapidly disseminated and lead to tangible results in increased agricultural production. Only by increasing state investment in the agricultural sector to strengthen the material and technical foundations of rural management, alongside improving guidance and oversight of rural management, and fully creating the management conditions and environment for farms to stand on their own feet, can agricultural production be increased and the acute food problem be successfully resolved.
The foremost task in socialist rural construction today is to decisively transform the appearance and environment of the countryside. Building all rural villages nationwide in a manner that embodies the flavour of our style of socialism and vividly reflects the distinctive characteristics of each region is a major plan that the Party attaches the utmost importance to and is determined to realise. It will provide rural residents with an excellent living environment that leaves nothing to be desired and contributes to the overall development of the nation.
The work of transforming the rural living environment is not merely an economic task of demolishing and rebuilding old dwellings and public buildings. It is a people-oriented undertaking that the entire population desires and cheers for, and a political endeavour that unfolds the new socialist rural civilisation of our era and a new world where the countryside is transformed. The fundamental requirement our Party upholds in rural construction is to build our countryside so that it stands out in every respect, holding its own anywhere and remaining unshamed even in the distant future; to build mountainous areas with the distinctive character of mountainous areas, and plains or coastal areas in a manner suited to them.
The issue that must always be emphasised and never neglected in rural construction is thoroughly ensuring modernity, cultural refinement, and political integrity. While creating a new rural civilisation for the era of the Workers’ Party, it is crucial to guard against architectural formalism and reformism that pursue only practical and aesthetic aspects. Instead, we must abundantly display political slogans and mottos reflecting our Party’s ideology and policies across villages and surrounding mountains, tailored to the characteristics of each rural area. Only by splendidly constructing all rural dwellings in accordance with modern aesthetic sensibilities, and by distinctively designing public buildings such as schools, cultural centres, administrative offices, nurseries, kindergartens, and hospitals — the strongholds of the rural Cultural revolution — can our countryside become a place that rivals the city. To transform the living environment of rural residents, our Party has already established a system obliging cities and counties to supply 10,000 tonnes of cement annually, alongside a robust national guidance system.
While robust state support is crucial for transforming rural living conditions, the primary agents of local construction remain the cities and counties. Therefore, cities and counties must firmly establish their own construction forces and building materials production bases to massively erect modern, ideal rural cultural housing, such as the rural dwellings in Samjiyon City. This will inject vitality into the entire socialist rural construction effort. As villages boasting modern yet distinctive architectural beauty spring up year after year in rural areas, revolutionary changes will occur not only in the living environment of agricultural workers but also in their ideological consciousness and level of civilisation, greatly transforming the nation’s appearance. By concentrating efforts on executing the immediate central tasks to firmly place the countryside on a sustainable development trajectory, while simultaneously advancing the work to achieve the forward-looking goals of socialist rural construction in a phased and decisive manner, the rural problem will ultimately be resolved and the complete victory of socialism will be achieved.
Conclusion
With the Party’s Eighth Congress as the starting point, our socialism has entered a new stage of transition towards comprehensive development. Today’s turbulent reality, where the struggle for the comprehensive development of socialism is vigorously unfolding, urgently demands greater focus on socialist rural construction than ever before. Strengthening socialist rural construction to resolve the rural question once and for all has emerged as a crucial revolutionary task. It is essential to turn the severe difficulties confronting our advance into a phase of strengthening our Juche-based capabilities, accelerate the comprehensive development of socialist construction, and further hasten the complete victory of socialism. Today, as the national power and prestige of our Republic rise incomparably, achieving new advances in socialist rural construction to develop the nation’s agriculture and transform the face of the countryside is essential to demonstrate the legitimacy, vitality, and inevitable victory of the socialist cause, and to clearly showcase the reality of a true people’s country and a genuine powerful nation.
As illuminated by the New-Era Rural Revolution Programme, the sole path to swiftly erect the people’s ideal society lies in arming and enlightening agricultural workers with Party policy, and transforming our countryside into a prosperous and cultured socialist rural society equipped with modern technology and modern civilisation. We must achieve complete socialist victory by raising high the slogan “Towards new victories in socialist rural construction!” and vigorously advancing rural development. This will place the nation’s agriculture on a firm upward trajectory and usher in a great new era of achieving the leap-forward development of our socialist countryside.
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